It looks not only at livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats), which have previously received most attention in this regard, but also at dogs, donkeys, and horses. This paper summarizes and reviews the likely role of infectious diseases as constraints on the spread of domestic animals south of the Sahara. The study also provided an anatomical record of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints using the latest technology, which could impact on clinical situations including anesthesia injection sites.
DOOBLE DONKEYS FREE
Although the joints appeared free from exostosis using X-ray the position and extension of exostosis in pathologically affected donkeys (a novel finding) were revealed using computed tomography with 300 mA in comparison to 120 mA. Computed tomography provided outstanding discrimination between the cortex and medulla of the third metacarpal, the proximal sesamoid bones, the proximal phalanx, and excellent details of the osseous structures. This methodology gave better assessments of the synovial tendon sheath, joint recesses, and cruciate, collateral, and short sesamoidean ligaments.
Soft tissue structures were distinguished using computed tomography at 300 mA, which was superior to 120 mA.
The proximal–palmar or plantar recess was larger than the distodorsal recess and potential sites of approaches to the recesses were determined.
The joint capsule contained two palmar/plantar and two dorsal recesses. The objective was to determine anatomical features of both healthy and clinically abnormal donkey metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (n = 13) using anatomical dissection, casting, X-ray and computed tomography. The donkey is of socio-economic value yet imaging techniques in both healthy and abnormal limbs are a limiting factor in research and medicine.
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